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The Sun, the massive object that dominates the solar system and helps to support life on Earth, is also the driver of physical processes in the space environment between the Sun and the Earth, known as space weather. The practical importance of space weather is to mitigate its adverse effects on critical human technological systems, including satellites, their payloads and astronauts, communications, navigations, power grids, etc. This course is focused on the fundamentals as well as the recent progress in solar physics, to prepare graduate students for the space research in general. It includes the basic physical processes governing the formation of the solar interior and atmosphere, the solar magnetic field and configuration, the physical bases of flares and coronal mass ejections, and particle acceleration mechanisms. This introductory course is intended for graduate students and upper-level undergraduate students with academic background in physics/astrophysics. This course spans 40 class hours and merits 2 credits.
Homework (25%): to reinforce the understanding of basic physical concepts
Project (30%): three projects based on data analysis and numerical models to get some hands-on experience.
Presentation (15%): research articles will be assigned for certain chapters for further readings. Each enrolled student is expected to give one presentation based on, but not limited strictly to, these assigned articles. Each presentation will last about 15 minutes, including 3-min Q&A.
Final test (20%): an open-book test for physical concepts and intuition.
Participation (10%): Raise or answer questions in class.
“Physics of the Sun: A First Course" by Dermott J. Mullan (CRC Press, 2010)
"The Sun as a Guide to Stellar Physics" edited by Oddbjorn Engvold, Jean-Claude Vial, and Andrew Skumanich, Elsevier, 1st Edition, 2018
"The Sun: An Introduction" by M. Stix, Springer, 2nd Edition, 2002
"Solar Astrophysics" by P. V. Foukal, Wiley-VCH, 2nd Edition, 2004
"Magnetohydrodynamics of the Sun" by E.R. Priest, Cambridge University Press, 2014
"Physics of the Solar Corona" by M. Aschwanden, Springer, 2006
"The Solar Corona" by L. Golub and J. Pasachoff, Cambridge University Press, 2nd Edition, 2010
"The Solar Transition Region" by J. T. Mariska, Cambridge University Press, 1992
Introduction (Chap 1)
Radiation (Chaps 2, 4)
Absorption (Chap 3)
Photosphere & Convection Zone (Chaps 5, 6, 7)
Polytrope (Chap 10)
Helioseismology (Chaps 13, 14)
Chromosphere & Transition Region (Chap 15)
Solar Magnetism (Chap 16)
Corona (Chap 17)
Solar Eruptions
Line formation (due on Oct 20)
Modeling the photosphere (due on Nov 10)
Tracing field lines (due on Dec 8)
Grant et al. 2018, Nature Physics, Alfvén wave dissipation in the solar chromosphere
Jess et al. 2020, Nature Astronomy, A chromospheric resonance cavity in a sunspot mapped with seismology, see also the comment by Felipe 2021, Nature Astronomy, Signatures of sunspot oscillations and the case for chromospheric resonances, and the reply by Jess et al. 2021, Nature Astronomy
Antolin et al. 2021, Nature Astronomy, Reconnection nanojets in the solar corona
Yan et al. 2022, Nature Communications, Fast plasmoid-mediated reconnection in a solar flare
Fleishman et al. 2022, NautureSolar flare accelerates nearly all electrons in a large coronal volume