强关联人工量子物态的显微学研究

（超冷原子量子模拟、多粒子量子纠缠、光与原子相互作用）

科学意义

光晶格中的超冷原子与光子、超导、离子等一起成为开展量子计算和模拟、量子精密测量研究的重要物理系统。特别的，随着激光冷却技术的进步、超冷原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体和光晶格中量子相变的实现，超冷原子物理研究成为连接微观物质世界和宏观凝聚物态的一座桥梁，并可用来模拟强关联量子多体系统、规范场论方程等，对基础物理学前沿和应用科学研究都将起到重要的推动作用，意义重大。

其中，规范场理论是目前最精密的物理学理论--标准模型的基础，科学家们求解规范场问题时往往碰到数值发散问题，于是提出用重整化的方法适当截断高阶展开项，降低问题复杂度。另外一个解决问题的思路是把连续时空中的规范场问题转化为晶格上的分立化数值问题—格点规范场理论。以上两种方法都对数值计算的算力形成了巨大挑战。

本课题组通过强关联人工量子材料的显微学研究，将有助于解决复杂的、经典超级计算机不能求解的量子多体问题，包括以上的强关联多体系统的相变、纠缠态的拓扑结构、格点规范场论问题求解等，是该领域的前沿科学问题。

基本思路

面向经典超级计算机不能求解的、有重要科学意义的量子多体问题，根据已有的实验基础，从大量纠缠原子对出发，制备数百个原子的多体纠缠态，研究其纠缠的拓扑结构；从量子模拟一维的格点规范场理论出发，构建二维的量子模拟器，模拟二维格点规范场理论；从阿贝尔规范场出发，探索量子模拟非阿贝尔格点规范场理论的新途径；从平衡态体系出发，研究非平衡格点规范理论的动力学和热化问题。

主要研究内容

1、多原子纠缠测控及其在量子计算中的应用

课题组将在产生大量原子纠缠对的实验基础上，研究如何有效地连接这些纠缠对逐步产生10-粒子、50粒子、100粒子纠缠并在实验上测量其纠缠度，探索其在量子计算方面的应用。

2、强关联人工量子材料的拓扑性质及其模拟格点规范场理论的应用

结合研究过程中发展起来的高分辨量子气体显微镜、全息相位片投影、自旋依赖超晶格技术，课题组可以实现如正方形、三角形、六角形晶格等任意形状的二维光晶格体系，我们将研究其中的量子涨落、拓扑量子态及模拟格点规范场理论。

3、临界点附近的量子模拟研究

当光晶格中的超冷原子处在超流-Mott绝缘态相变临界点附近时，系统的关联长度发散，从“还原论”角度出发用传统的方法求解体系的哈密顿量将变得不可行，难于描述这一区域的量子多体行为，而量子模拟方法研究凝聚态物理将在此区域大有可为。

Publications

• 2025
  

73. Ying Liu, Wei-Yong Zhang, Zi-Hang Zhu, Ming-Gen He, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, and Jian-Wei Pan. String breaking mechanism in a lattice schwinger model simulator. Physical Review Letters, 135(10):101902, 2025.

72. Yong-Guang Zheng, An Luo, Ying-Chao Shen, Ming-Gen He, Zi-Hang Zhu, Ying Liu, Wei-Yong Zhang, Hui Sun, Youjin Deng, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, and Jian-Wei Pan. Counterflow superfluidity in a two-component mott insulator. Nature Physics, 21:208–213, 2025.

71. Wei-Yong Zhang, Ying Liu, Yanting Cheng, Ming-Gen He, Han-Yi Wang, Tian-Yi Wang, Zi-Hang Zhu, Guo-Xian Su, Zhao-Yu Zhou, Yong-Guang Zheng, Hui Sun, Bing Yang, Philipp Hauck, Wei Zheng, Jad C. Halimeh, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, and Jian-Wei Pan. Observation of microscopic confinement dynamics by a tunable topological θ-angle. Nature Physics, 21:155–160, 2025.

• 2024

70. Song-Tao Yu, Ming-Gen He, Sheng Fang, Youjin Deng, and Zhen-Sheng Yuan. Spatial optical simulator for classical statistical models. Physical Review Letters, 133(23):237101, 2024.

69. Zi-Hang Zhu, Ying Liu, Gianluca Lagnese, Federica Maria Surace, Wei-Yong Zhang, Ming-Gen He, Jad C. Halimeh, Marcello Dalmonte, Siddhardh C. Morampudi, Frank Wilczek, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, and Jian-Wei Pan. Probing false vacuum decay on a cold-atom gauge-theory quantum simulator. arXiv:2411.12565, 2024.

68. An Luo, Yong-Guang Zheng, Wei-Yong Zhang, Ming-Gen He, Ying-Chao Shen, Zi-Hang Zhu, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, and Jian-Wei Pan. Microscopic study on superexchange dynamics of composite spin-1 bosons. Physical Review Letters, 133(4):043401, 2024.

• 2023

67. Wei-Yong Zhang, Ming-Gen He, Hui Sun, Yong-Guang Zheng, Ying Liu, An Luo, Han-Yi Wang, Zi-Hang Zhu, Pei-Yue Qiu, Ying-Chao Shen, , Xuan-Kai Wang, Wan Lin, Song-Tao Yu, Bin-Chen Li, Bo Xiao, Meng-Da Li, Yu-Meng Yang, Xiao Jiang, Han-Ning Dai, You Zhou, Xiongfeng Ma, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, and Jian-Wei Pan. Scalable multipartite entanglement created by spin exchange in an optical lattice. Physical Review Letters, 131(7):073401, 2023.

66. Han-Yi Wang, Wei-Yong Zhang, Zhi-Yuan Yao, Ying Liu, Zi-Hang Zhu, Yong-Guang Zheng, Xuan-Kai Wang, Hui Zhai, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, and Jian-Wei Pan. Interrelated thermalization and quantum criticality in a lattice gauge simulator. Physical Review Letters, 131(5):050401, 2023.

65. Guo-Xian Su, Hui Sun, Ana Hudomal, Jean-Yves Desaules, Zhao-Yu Zhou, Bing Yang, Jad C Halimeh, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Zlatko Papić, and Jian-Wei Pan. Observation of many-body scarring in a Bose–Hubbard quantum simulator. Physical Review Research, 5(2):023010, 2023.

• 2022

64. Yong-Guang Zheng, Lei Jiang, Zi-Hang Zhu, Wei-Yong Zhang, Zhao-Yu Zhou, Bo Xiao, and Zhen-Sheng Yuan. A compact gain-enhanced microwave helical antenna for ⁸⁷Rb atomic experiments. Review of Scientific Instruments, 93(6):064701, 2022.

63. You Zhou, Bo Xiao, Meng-Da Li, Qi Zhao, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Xiongfeng Ma, and Jian-Wei Pan. A scheme to create and verify scalable entanglement in optical lattice. npj Quantum Information, 8(1):1–9, 2022.

62. Yan-Jun Xie, Han-Ning Dai, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Youjin Deng, Xiaopeng Li, Yu-Ao Chen, and Jian-Wei Pan. Bayesian learning for optimal control of quantum many-body states in optical lattices. Physical Review A, 106(1):013316, 2022.

61. Song-Tao Yu, An Luo, Lei Jiang, Yi-Fan Liu, Lei Gong, and Zhen-Sheng Yuan. Direct binary search method for high-resolution holographic image projection. Optics Express, 30(15):26856–26864, 2022. 

60. Yong-Guang Zheng, Wei-Yong Zhang, Ying-Chao Shen, An Luo, Ying Liu, Ming-Gen He, Hao-Ran Zhang, Wan Lin, Han-Yi Wang, Zi-Hang Zhu, Ming-Cheng Chen, Chao-Yang Lu, Supanut Thanasilp, Dimitris G. Angelakis, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, and Jian-Wei Pan. Efficiently extracting multi-point correlations of a floquet thermalized system. arXiv:2210.08556, 2022.

59. Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Xi-Wen Guan, and Jian-Wei Pan. Legacy of Yang-Yang thermodynamics. A Festschrift in Honor of the CN Yang Centenary: Scientific Papers, pages 263–280, 2022.

58. Xiangrui Meng, Minggen He, and Zhensheng Yuan. Pure state tomography with adaptive Pauli measurements. JUSTC, 52(8):1–1, 2022.

57. Yong-Guang Zheng, Zi-Hang Zhu, Ying Liu, Wei-Yong Zhang, Han-Yi Wang, Song-Tao Yu, An Luo, Hui Sun, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, and Jian-Wei Pan. Robust site-resolved addressing via dynamically tracking the phase of optical lattices. Optics Letters, 47(16):4239–4242, 2022.

56. Zhao-Yu Zhou, Guo-Xian Su, Jad C Halimeh, Robert Ott, Hui Sun, Philipp Hauke, Bing Yang, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Jürgen Berges, and Jian-Wei Pan. Thermalization dynamics of a gauge theory on a quantum simulator. Science, 377(6603):311–314, 2022.

• 2021

55. Meng-Da Li, Yong-Guang Zheng, Wei-Yong Zhang, Xuan-Kai Wang, Bo Xiao, Zhao-Yu Zhou, Lei Jiang, Meng-Zhe Lian, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, and Jian-Wei Pan. A high-power and low-noise 532-nm continuous-wave laser for quantum gas microscopy. Review of Scientific Instruments, 92(8):083202, 2021.

54. Meng-Da Li, Wan Lin, An Luo, Wei-Yong Zhang, Hui Sun, Bo Xiao, Yong-Guang Zheng, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, and Jian-Wei Pan. High-powered optical superlattice with robust phase stability for quantum gas microscopy. Optics Express, 29(9):13876–13886, 2021.

53. Hui Sun, Bing Yang, Han-Yi Wang, Zhao-Yu Zhou, Guo-Xian Su, Han-Ning Dai, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, and Jian-Wei Pan. Realization of a bosonic antiferromagnet. Nature Physics, 17(9):990–994, 2021.

• 2020

52. Yu-Meng Yang, Bo Xiao, Wen-Chao Ji, Xuan-Kai Wang, Han-Ning Dai, Yu-Ao Chen, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, and Xiao Jiang. A battery-powered floating current source of 100 A for precise and fast control of magnetic field. AIP Advances, 10(12):125207, 2020.

51. Bing Yang, Hui Sun, Chun-Jiong Huang, Han-Yi Wang, Youjin Deng, Han-Ning Dai, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, and Jian-Wei Pan. Cooling and entangling ultracold atoms in optical lattices. Science, 369(6503):550–553, 2020.

50. Bo Xiao, Xuan-Kai Wang, Yong-Guang Zheng, Yu-Meng Yang, Wei-Yong Zhang, Guo-Xian Su, Meng-Da Li, Xiao Jiang, and Zhen-Sheng Yuan. Generating two-dimensional quantum gases with high stability. Chinese Physics B, 29(7):076701, 2020.

49. Bing Yang, Hui Sun, Robert Ott, Han-Yi Wang, Torsten V Zache, Jad C Halimeh, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Philipp Hauke, and Jian-Wei Pan. Observation of gauge invariance in a 71-site Bose–Hubbard quantum simulator. Nature, 587(7834):392–396, 2020.

• 2017

48. Han-Ning Dai, Bing Yang, Andreas Reingruber, Hui Sun, Xiao-Fan Xu, Yu-Ao Chen, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, and Jian-Wei Pan. Four-body ring-exchange interactions and anyonic statistics within a minimal toric-code Hamiltonian. Nature Physics, 13(12):1195–1200, 2017.

47. Zhen-Sheng Yuan. Geometrical characterization of reduced density matrices reveals quantum phase transitions in many-body systems. SCIENCE CHINA Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 60(6):060331, 2017.

46. Bing Yang, Yang-Yang Chen, Yong-Guang Zheng, Hui Sun, Han-Ning Dai, Xi-Wen Guan, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, and Jian-Wei Pan. Quantum criticality and the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid in one-dimensional Bose gases. Physical Review Letters, 119(16):165701, 2017.

45. Bing Yang, Han-Ning Dai, Hui Sun, Andreas Reingruber, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, and Jian-Wei Pan. Spin-dependent optical superlattice. Physical Review A, 96(1):011602, 2017.

• 2016

44. Han-Ning Dai, Bing Yang, Andreas Reingruber, Xiao-Fan Xu, Xiao Jiang, Yu-Ao Chen, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, and Jian-Wei Pan. Generation and detection of atomic spin entanglement in optical lattices. Nature Physics, 12:783–787, 2016.

• 2012
  

43. Xiao-Hui Bao, Xiao-Fan Xu, Che-Ming Li, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Chao-Yang Lu, and Jian-Wei Pan. Quantum teleportation between remote atomic-ensemble quantum memories. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(50):20347–20351, 2012.

42. Lin-Mao Ren, You-Yan Wang, Dong-Dong Li, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, and Lin-Fan Zhu. Inner-shell excitations of 2p electrons of argon investigated by fast electron impact with high resolution. Chinese Physics Letters, 28(5):053401, 2011.

• 2011
  

41. Han Zhang, Xian-Min Jin, Jian Yang, Han-Ning Dai, Sheng-Jun Yang, Tian-Ming Zhao, Jun Rui, Yu He, Xiao Jiang, Fan Yang, Ge-Sheng Pan, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Youjin Deng, Zeng-Bing Chen, Xiao-Hui Bao, Bo Zhao, Shuai Chen, and Jian-Wei Pan. Preparation and storage of frequency-uncorrelated entangled photons from cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric downconversion. Nature Photonics, 5(10):628–632, 2011.

40. Fan Yang, Torsten Mandel, Christian Lutz, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, and Jian-Wei Pan. Transverse mode revival of a light-compensated quantum memory. Physical Review A, 83(6):063420, 2011.

• 2010

39. Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Xiao-Hui Bao, Chao-Yang Lu, Jun Zhang, Cheng-Zhi Peng, and Jian-Wei Pan. Entangled photons and quantum communication. Physics Reports, 497(1):1–40, 2010.

38. Yu-Ao Chen, Xiao-Hui Bao, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Shuai Chen, Bo Zhao, and Jian-Wei Pan. Heralded generation of an atomic NOON state. Physical Review Letters, 104(4):043601, 2010.

• 2009

37. Bo Zhao, Yu-Ao Chen, Xiao-Hui Bao, Thorsten Strassel, Chih-Sung Chuu, Xian-Min Jin, Jörg Schmiedmayer, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Shuai Chen, and Jian-Wei Pan. A millisecond quantum memory for scalable quantum networks. Nature Physics, 5(2):95–99, 2009.

• 2008

36. Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Yu-Ao Chen, Bo Zhao, Shuai Chen, Jörg Schmiedmayer, and Jian-Wei Pan. Experimental demonstration of a BDCZ quantum repeater node. Nature, 454(7208):1098–1101, 2008.

35. Yu-Ao Chen, Shuai Chen, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Bo Zhao, Chih-Sung Chuu, Jörg Schmiedmayer, and Jian-Wei Pan. Memory-built-in quantum teleportation with photonic and atomic qubits. Nature Physics, 4(2):103–107, 2008.

34. Chih-Sung Chuu, Thorsten Strassel, Bo Zhao, Markus Koch, Yu-Ao Chen, Shuai Chen, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Jörg Schmiedmayer, and Jian-Wei Pan. Quantum memory with optically trapped atoms. Physical Review Letters, 101(12):120501, 2008.

• 2007

33. Shuai Chen, Yu-Ao Chen, Bo Zhao, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Jörg Schmiedmayer, and Jian-Wei Pan. Demonstration of a stable atom-photon entanglement source for quantum repeaters. Physical Review Letters, 99(18):180505, 2007.

32. Chao-Yang Lu, Xiao-Qi Zhou, Otfried Gühne, Wei-Bo Gao, Jin Zhang, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Alexander Goebel, Tao Yang, and Jian-Wei Pan. Experimental entanglement of six photons in graph states. Nature Physics, 3(2):91–95, 2007.

31. Lin-Fan Zhu, Hui Yuan, Wei-Chun Jiang, Fang-Xin Zhang, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Hua-Dong Cheng, and Ke-Zun Xu. Generalized oscillator strengths for some higher valence-shell excitations of argon. Physical Review A, 75(3):032701, 2007.

30. Zhu Lin-Fan, Zhang Fang-Xin, Cheng Hua-Dong, Yuan Hui, Yuan Zhen-Sheng, Li Wen-Bin, Liu Xiao-Jing, and Xu Ke-Zun. Generalized oscillator strengths for some higher valence-shell excitations of krypton atom. Chinese Physics, 16(10):2938, 2007.

29. Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Yu-Ao Chen, Shuai Chen, and Jian-Wei Pan. Scalable quantum computing with linear optics and quantum memories. Optics and Photonics News, 18(11):34–39, 2007.

28. Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Yu-Ao Chen, Shuai Chen, Bo Zhao, Markus Koch, Thorsten Strassel, Yong Zhao, Gan-Jun Zhu, Jörg Schmiedmayer, and Jian-Wei Pan. Synchronized independent narrow-band single photons and efficient generation of photonic entanglement. Physical Review Letters, 98(18):180503, 2007.

• 2006

27. ZS Yuan, Y Sakai, N Umeda, Y Fujita, T Takayanagi, C Yamada, N Nakamura, S Ohtani, LF Zhu, and KZ Xu. Autoionization states in xenon investigated by electron impact. Journal of Physics B:Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 39(24):5097, 2006.

26. Shuai Chen, Yu-Ao Chen, Thorsten Strassel, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Bo Zhao, Jörg Schmiedmayer, and Jian-Wei Pan. Deterministic and storable single-photon source based on a quantum memory. Physical Review Letters, 97(17):173004, 2006.

25. Lin-Fan Zhu, Hua-Dong Cheng, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Xiao-Jing Liu, Jian-Min Sun, and Ke-Zun Xu. Generalized oscillator strengths for the valence-shell excitations of argon. Physical Review A, 3(4):042703, 2006.

24. Wen-Bin Li, Lin-Fan Zhu, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Xiao-Jing Liu, and Ke-Zun Xu. Optical oscillator strengths for valence-shell and Br-3 d inner-shell excitations of HCl and HBr. The Journal of chemical physics, 125(15):154310, 2006.

• 2005

23. Sun Jian-Min, Zhong Zhi-Ping, Zhu Lin-Fan, Liu Xiao-Jing, Yuan Zhen-Sheng, and Xu Ke-Zun. Absolute oscillator strength densities below 100 eV of N2. Chinese Physics, 14(7):1378, 2005.

22. Lin-Fan Zhu, Heng-Feng Ren, Xiao-Jing Liu, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Yi Wu, and Ke-Zun Xu. Electron-impact excitation of D¹∆ ← X¹Σ⁺ in carbon monoxide. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 122(22):224303, 2005.

21. Hua-Dong Cheng, Lin-Fan Zhu, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Xiao-Jing Liu, Jian-Min Sun, Wei-Chun Jiang, and Ke-Zun Xu. Generalized oscillator strengths for the valence-shell excitations of neon. Physical Review A, 72(1):012715, 2005.

20. Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Lin-Fan Zhu, Xiao-Jing Liu, Wen-Bin Li, Hua-Dong Cheng, Jian-Min Sun, and Ke-Zun Xu. Inner-shell excitations of krypton 3 d investigated by electron impact with high resolution. Physical Review A, 71(6):064701, 2005.

19. Hua-Dong Cheng, Lin-Fan Zhu, Xiao-Jing Liu, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Wen-Bin Li, and Ke-Zun Xu. Selectivity in valence excitation processes of noble atoms studied by fast electron impact. Physical Review A, 71(3):032714, 2005.

18. Lan-Lan Fan, Zhi-Ping Zhong, Lin-Fan Zhu, Xiao-Jing Liu, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Jian-Min Sun, and Ke-Zun Xu. Superexcited states of oxygen studied by fast-electron impact. Physical Review A, 71(3):032704, 2005.

• 2004

17. Li Wen-Bin, Zhu Lin-Fan, Liu Xiao-Jing, Yuan Zhen-Sheng, Sun Jian-Min, Cheng Hua-Dong, and Xu Ke-Zun. Optical oscillator strengths of hydrogen bromide in the 4.5–20 eV excitation energy region. Chinese Physics Letters, 21(4):656, 2004.

16. Jian-Min Sun, Zhi-Ping Zhong, Lin-Fan Zhu, Wen-Bin Li, Xiao-Jing Liu, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, and Ke-Zun Xu. Superexcited states of NO studied by angle-resolved electron-energy-loss spectroscopy. Physical Review A, 70(1):012708, 2004.

15. Xiao-Jing Liu, Lin-Fan Zhu, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Wen-Bin Li, Hua-Dong Cheng, Jian-Ming Sun, and Ke-Zun Xu. The generalized oscillator strengths for the valence shell excitations in helium by fast electron impact. Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena, 135(1):15–20, 2004.

14. Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Xiao-ying Han, Xiao-jing Liu, Lin-fan Zhu, Ke-zun Xu, Lan Voky, and Jia-ming Li. Theoretical investigations on the dynamical correlation in double excitations of helium by the R-matrix method. Physical Review A, 70(6):062706, 2004.

• 2003

13. Ximan Jiang, Linfan Zhu, Xiaojing Liu, Bei Cai, Wenbin Li, Zhensheng Yuan, Tao Yang, and Kezun Xu. A new multichannel detection method in fast electron energy loss spectrometer. Nuclear Techniques, 26(2):163–168, 2003.

12. Xiao-jing Liu, Lin-fan Zhu, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Wen-bin Li, Hua-dong Cheng, Yu-ping Huang, Zhi-ping Zhong, Ke-zun Xu, and Jia-Ming Li. Dynamical correlation in double excitations of helium studied by high-resolution and angular-resolved fast-electron energy-loss spectroscopy in absolute measurements. Physical Review Letters, 91(19):193203, 2003.

11. Wen-bin Li, Lin-fan Zhu, Xiao-jing Liu, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Jian-min Sun, Hua-dong Cheng, Zhi-ping Zhong, and Ke-zun Xu. Generalized oscillator strengths for 5 s, 5 s′, and 5 p excitations of krypton. Physical Review A, 67(6):062708, 2003.

10. Xiao-jing Liu, Yu-ping Huang, Lin-fan Zhu, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Wen-bin Li, and Ke-Zun Xu. Numerical determination of profile parameters for fano resonance with definite energy resolution. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 508(3):448–453, 2003.

9. Zhu Lin-Fan, Cheng Hua-Dong, Liu Xiao-Jing, Tian Peng, Yuan Zhen-Sheng, Li Wen-Bin, and Xu Ke-Zun. Optically forbidden excitations of 3s electron of argon by fast electron impact. Chinese Physics Letters, 20(10):1718, 2003.

8. Li Wen-Bin, Zhu Lin-Fan, Liu Xiao-Jing, Yuan Zhen-Sheng, Sun Jian-Min, Cheng Hua-Dong, Yasuhiro Sakai, and Xu Ke-Zun. Optical oscillator strengths of hydrogen chloride in the energy region of 5.5–20 eV. Chinese Physics Letters, 20(12):2152, 2003.

7. Zhu Lin-Fan, Zhong Zhi-Ping, Yuan Zhen-Sheng, Zhang Wei-Hua, Liu Xiao-Jing, Jiang Xi-Man, Xu Ke-Zun, and Li Jia-Ming. Experimental and theoretical investigations of absolute optical oscillator strengths for valence excitations of nitric oxide. Chinese Physics, 11(11):1149, 2002.

6. Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Lin-fan Zhu, Xiao-jing Liu, Zhi-ping Zhong, Wen-bin Li, Hua-dong Cheng, and Ke-zun Xu. Fast-electron-impact study on excitations of 4 p, 4 s, and 3 d electrons of krypton. Physical Review A, 66(6):062701, 2002.

5. Yuan Zhen-Sheng, Zhu Lin-Fan, Liu Xiao-Jing, Li Wen-Bin, Cheng Hua-Dong, and Xu Ke-Zun. Photoabsorption spectrum and optically forbidden transitions of krypton by electron impact. Chinese Physics Letters, 19(4):495, 2002.

4. Liu Xiaojing, Zhu Linfan, Yuan Zhensheng, Jiang Ximan, Cai Bei, Chen Xiangjun, and Xu Kezun. The performance of microchannel plate based electron detector. Nuclear Techniques, 25, 2002.

3. ZS Yuan, LF Zhu, X Tong, WB Li, XJ Liu, and KZ Xu. Which is the most stable one in WSi_n (n=1–4)? a density functional investigation with pseudo-potential model. Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM, 589:229–237, 2002.

• 2001

2. Xiao-Jing Liu, Lin-Fan Zhu, Xi-Man Jiang, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Bei Cai, Xiang-Jun Chen, and Ke-Zun Xu. Application of a multichannel detection system to the high-resolution fast electron energy loss spectrometer. Review of Scientific Instruments, 72(8):3357–3361, 2001. 

1. CF Zhang, XJ Chen, ZS Yuan, ZJ Zhang, and KZ Xu. Density functional theory studies of methylated uracil: geometries and energies. Chemical Physics, 256(3):275–287, 2000.